🚀 Konsep Server Desa

Dokumentasi Lengkap Implementasi Server Desa dengan PC Biasa 32GB RAM

📋 Gambaran Umum Proyek

Konsep server desa ini dirancang untuk menghubungkan 4 dusun menggunakan infrastruktur fiber optik dengan PC biasa berkapasitas 32GB RAM sebagai server utama.

🎯 Tujuan Utama

🏗️ Arsitektur Sistem

[ SERVER DESA ]
│
├── 🌐 Web Portal Desa
├── 💾 Database Kependudukan
├── 📁 File Sharing
├── 📧 Email Server
└── 🖥️ Monitoring System
│
[ FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE ]
│
├── 🏘️ Dusun 1 (192.168.101.0/24)
├── 🏘️ Dusun 2 (192.168.102.0/24)
├── 🏘️ Dusun 3 (192.168.103.0/24)
└── 🏘️ Dusun 4 (192.168.104.0/24)

💻 Spesifikasi Hardware & Software

🖥️ Hardware Requirements

PC Server

  • RAM: 32GB DDR4
  • Processor: Intel Core i5/i7 atau AMD Ryzen 5/7
  • Storage: SSD 512GB + HDD 2TB
  • Network: Dual Gigabit Ethernet

Jaringan

  • Fiber Optic Converter (4 set)
  • Switch Managed 24-port
  • Kabel Fiber Optic
  • Wireless Access Points

Perlengkapan

  • UPS Backup
  • Rak Server
  • Kabel Management
  • Cooling System

🖥️ Software Stack

Sistem Operasi

  • Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
  • Kernel: Linux 5.15+

Web Services

  • Nginx/Apache2
  • PHP 8.1+
  • MySQL/PostgreSQL

Management

  • Cockpit (Web Interface)
  • UFW Firewall
  • Fail2Ban
  • Backup Tools

🌐 Skema Jaringan & Konfigurasi

🔗 Diagram Jaringan

[ DUSUN 1 ]━━━━━━[ DUSUN 2 ]━━━━━━[ DUSUN 3 ]━━━━━━[ DUSUN 4 ]
┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
[ FO Converter ] [ FO Converter ] [ FO Converter ] [ FO Converter ]
┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
[ Switch FO ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
┃
┃
[ Router/Firewall ]
┃
┃
[ SERVER DESA ]

📡 IP Addressing Scheme

Server Desa: 192.168.100.1/24
Dusun 1: 192.168.101.1/24
Dusun 2: 192.168.102.1/24
Dusun 3: 192.168.103.1/24
Dusun 4: 192.168.104.1/24

🔧 Konfigurasi Jaringan

# Edit network configuration
sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

network:
version: 2
ethernets:
eth0:
addresses: [192.168.100.1/24]
gateway4: 192.168.100.1
nameservers:
addresses: [8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]

⚙️ Step-by-Step Implementasi

  1. Instalasi Ubuntu Server

    Download dan instal Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS, kemudian update sistem:

    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

  2. Konfigurasi Dasar

    Install package essential dan setup firewall:

    sudo apt install -y openssh-server ufw fail2ban
    sudo ufw enable
    sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
    sudo ufw allow 80,443/tcp

  3. Setup Routing

    Enable IP forwarding dan konfigurasi routing antar dusun:

    echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
    sudo sysctl -p
    sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

  4. Instalasi Layanan

    Install web server, database, dan file sharing:

    sudo apt install -y nginx mysql-server php-fpm
    sudo apt install -y samba cockpit

🔧 Layanan yang Disediakan

🌐 Web Portal Desa

Portal informasi desa dengan database kependudukan

Directory: /var/www/desa
Tech: PHP, MySQL, Bootstrap

💾 File Sharing

File server untuk dokumen desa (Samba)

Share: /srv/samba/shared
Protocol: SMB/CIFS

📧 Email Server

Email internal untuk perangkat desa

Postfix + Dovecot
Webmail: Roundcube

🖥️ Monitoring

Pemantauan server real-time

Cockpit: port 9090
Monitoring: CPU, RAM, Network

🔄 Backup System

# Backup script otomatis
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup-desa.sh

# Backup includes:
# - Database (MySQL dump)
# - Web files
# - Configuration files
# - Retention: 7 hari

🛡️ Keamanan & Hardening

🔒 SSH Hardening

# /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Port 2222
PermitRootLogin no
PasswordAuthentication no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AllowUsers admin_desa

🚫 Fail2Ban Protection

# /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
[sshd]
enabled = true
port = 2222
maxretry = 3
bantime = 3600

📝 Maintenance Routine

💰 Estimasi Anggaran

Item Spesifikasi Estimasi Harga
PC Server 32GB RAM, SSD+HDD, Dual NIC Rp 8.000.000 - 12.000.000
Fiber Optic Cable Termasuk instalasi per km Rp 500.000 / km
FO Converter 4 set untuk 4 dusun Rp 1.000.000
Switch Managed 24-port Gigabit Rp 2.000.000
UPS Backup power 1500VA Rp 1.500.000
Access Points 4 unit untuk dusun Rp 2.000.000
TOTAL ESTIMASI Rp 15.000.000 - 20.000.000

💡 Catatan Penting